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Mahmud, Mardin Othman; Hama Amin, Banaz Ahmed; Rashid, Sahar Hussein

doi:10.58928/ku26.17309

	Evaluation of Growth and Yield Parameters of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Under Foliar Application of Mono- and Di-potassium Phosphate
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 17, Issue 3, September 2026, Pages 71-80 PDF (541.74 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku26.17309
Authors
Mardin othman mahmud^* ¹; banaz ahmed hama amin²; Sahar hussein rashid³
¹Food science and quality control department, bakrajo technical institute , Sulaimani Plytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
²Food Science and quality control department, bakrajo Technical institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
³Medicinal plant department, technical college of Halabja, Sulaimani polytechnic university
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of foliar application of monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate on growth and yield characteristics of bean plants. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Bakrajo Technical Institute in northern Iraq using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications. The results showed that foliar application of monopotassium phosphate significantly improved most vegetative and yield-related traits compared with the untreated control. Plant height increased by 6.56%, number of leaves per plant by 22.98%, number of branches per plant by 36.66%, number of pods per plant by 15.19%, and pod length by 15.36%. Pod weight increased by 15.47%, while the number of seeds per pod increased by 32.25%. A slight change (2.27%) was observed in days to flowering. Yield components were also significantly enhanced, including 100-seed weight (6.36%), seed fresh weight (37.69%), seed dry weight (69.22%), and total fresh biomass (34.53%). As a result, total seed yield increased markedly by 61.89% compared with the control treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that seed yield was positively and significantly associated with the number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed dry weight, and total fresh weight. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first two principal components explained 100% of the total variance. Additionally, cluster heatmap analysis classified treatments and traits into two distinct groups. In conclusion, foliar application of monopotassium phosphate effectively enhanced bean seed yield by improving pod development, increasing seed number, and promoting overall biomass accumulation.
Keywords
correlation; fertilizer; macronutrients; pods; yield

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Evaluation of Growth and Yield Parameters of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Under Foliar Application of Mono- and Di-potassium Phosphate