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Geomorphological Characteristics of the Wadi Majer Basin, Zliten, Libya, and Their Relationship to Groundwater-Level Rise Using GIS and Remote Sensing | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities | ||
| Volume 2026, Issue 3, September 2026, Pages 876-843 PDF (5.17 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37653/juah.2026.173699.1450 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Abdrhman lsaa Alggafoud* 1; Khalid Sabbar Al Shujairi2 | ||
| 1Alasmarya Islamic Universit | ||
| 2College of Education for Humanities, University of Anbar | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Aims: This study aims to investigate the natural characteristics of the Wadi Majer Basin in the Zliten area of Libya and to analyze them using geospatial techniques, given the importance of such approaches in the study of drainage basins, particularly those located in arid environments characterized by considerable topographic and hydrological variability. The study further seeks to characterize the spatial attributes of the basin, including elevation, slope, and terrain levels, and to examine their relationship with the spatial distribution and rising levels of groundwater. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the basin’s natural characteristics and the occurrence of groundwater seepage and flooding, as well as to identifying the areas most affected by this phenomenon and the spatial factors contributing to its occurrence. The study also aims to employ the results of geospatial analysis to explain the spatial variability of groundwater levels and identify areas where topographic characteristics coincide with high densities of lineaments. Methodology: The study employed a combination of analytical and interpretive approaches appropriate to its objectives, together with geospatial techniques for analyzing the natural and hydrological characteristics of the Wadi Majer Basin. A range of spatial variables—including elevation, slope, terrain levels, and lineaments—were analyzed to examine their spatial distribution and relationship to rising groundwater levels. The Wadi Majer Basin covers approximately 1,056.4 km², representing about 39% of the total area of Zliten, while the affected area investigated in the study covers approximately 21.1 km². Groundwater levels in wells were also monitored, and temporal changes during the study period were analyzed to determine the magnitude and spatial and temporal variability of groundwater-level rise. In addition, spatial correspondence between low-lying areas and lineament density was examined to assess the extent to which these characteristics are associated with the occurrence of groundwater seepage and flooding. Results: The findings revealed a clear spatial relationship between certain natural characteristics of the basin and elevated groundwater levels. Low-lying areas were identified as the locations most susceptible to water accumulation and the emergence of groundwater seepage and flooding. Monitoring of well water levels indicated a rise of approximately 15 cm, particularly during January, reflecting temporal variability in groundwater levels across the study area. Spatial analysis also revealed a correspondence between low-lying areas, areas of high lineament density, and the locations affected by groundwater seepage and flooding. A total of eight lineaments were identified. This spatial correspondence highlights the importance of topographic and structural characteristics in explaining the spatial distribution and elevation of groundwater levels, as well as in delineating areas affected by groundwater seepage and flooding. The results further demonstrate the effectiveness of geospatial techniques in clearly revealing the spatial relationships among surface characteristics, lineaments, and groundwater levels. Conclusions: The study concludes that geospatial techniques provide an effective framework for investigating the natural characteristics of drainage basins and analyzing spatial relationships associated with groundwater, particularly in arid environments. The findings confirm that elevation, slope, terrain levels, and lineaments are important factors in explaining the spatial variability of groundwater levels within the Wadi Majer Basin. Low-lying areas were found to be closely associated with elevated groundwater levels and groundwater seepage and flooding, while the presence and density of lineaments contribute to explaining this spatial pattern, as demonstrated by the correspondence between low-lying areas, the density of the eight identified lineaments, and the locations of groundwater seepage and flooding. Monitoring of well water levels also recorded a rise of up to 15 cm, particularly in January, confirming temporal fluctuations in groundwater levels. Accordingly, the findings of geospatial analysis can be utilized to identify areas vulnerable to groundwater-level rise and to support planning and mitigation efforts aimed at reducing the impacts of groundwater seepage and flooding in the Zliten area. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Groundwater Overflow; RS-GIS DEM; Wadi Majer | ||
| References | ||
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