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Waterborne Pathogenic Parasites and the Performance of Water Treatment Systems in the Kufa River, Iraq | ||
| Al-Zahraa Journal for Health and Medical Sciences | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 September 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| DOI: 10.66723/zjhms.2026.172289.1155 | ||
| Author | ||
| Bent Alhuda Hussein Neamah* | ||
| Faculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Al-Najaf, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This environmental and epidemiological study focuses on removing parasitic stages from river water. 185 water samples were collected from three different areas: Al-Kufa Bridge/Northern, City Center/Central, and Al-Manathera/Southern of Kufa River in Najaf governorate-Iraq. the period from October 2025 to February 2026. 150 samples positive for various parasitic life stages. Analysis of final results revealed significant physicochemical variations, with an average turbidity of 38.7±18.9 NTU(r = 0.782, P < 0.001). This indicates a direct correlation between water turbidity and parasitic density. Central area was found to be most contaminated ,68 parasitic life stages present. Giardia cysts were the most prevalent, reaching a prevalence of 30%.This study also indicated effectiveness of the sand filtration process used in some water treatment and filtration plants.While removal of large eggs 85%,in contrast small cysts 60%.whereas in chlorination, recording a low removal efficiency of 40.6% .Based on current findings, The presence of parasites in the Kufa River necessitates upgrading water treatment plants by introducing advanced technologies such as ozone or ultraviolet radiation to break down parasitic cysts, reduce bio-environmental pollution, and ensure that the water meets health standards. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Epidemiology; Waterborne Parasites; Enteric helminthes; Chlorine resistance; Ascaris lumbricoides | ||
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