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Effect of Magnetic Water Quality on Evapotranspiration, Growth and Yield of Helianthus annuus L | ||
| Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 10, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 191-210 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The objective of the study was to estimate the crop water requirement under different treatment of water quality and magnetic technology, growth and yield of sunflower. A Field study was conducted for determining water requirement for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in spring season-2008 at Al-Raid Experimental Station, Ministry of Water Resources, and 20 Km west of Baghdad. The experimental design was complete randomized block design in three replicates.The main plots were for replicates, and sub plots for irrigation treatment as follows: Tow types of water quality have been used: 1.4dS.m-1 (River water), and 4.0 dS.m-1 (Saline water) and magnetism water with intensity of 2000 Gauss. The treatment irrigation was imposed at 50-55% depletion of available water. Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) were planted on 15/3/2008 and harvested on 18/6/2008 and 29/6/2008 for Saline water, Magnetic river water and river water, magnetic saline water, respectively. A mounts of required irrigation water was estimated based on measurements of soil water content by using weighing method, to moisturing 0-0.3m soil depth from planting to the end of vegetationstage, and from 0-0.6m from flowering stage to the end of growing season. Actual evapotranspiration was estimated from measuring soil water content after each irrigation and before the next irrigation during the growing season. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated from Penman and Penman-Montieth equation, and evaporation from class –A pan. Crop factor (KC), height of plant, leaf area index, total yield and water use efficiencies (field and crop) were determined. Actual evapotranspiration for sunflower during spring season was 610 mm, and 494, 513, 545mm for River Water (RW), Saline Water (SW), Magnetic River Water (MRW) and Magnetic Saline Water (MSW), respectively. Field and crop water use efficiency were significant in MRW and increased as 71 and 65%, respectively. While this parameter was decrease significantly as 57 and 50% in RW, MSW and SW, respectively. The values of reference evapotranspiration estimated from Penman-Montieth equation were near to values of actual evapotranspiration for sunflower, whereas values of evaporation from Penman equation and evaporative pan were higher than values of actual evapotranspiration during the growth season. The values evaporation from pan A, Penman equation and Penman-Montieth equation were 760, 647mm, 753, 638mm and 640, 547mm for irrigation with RW and MSW; SW and MRW, respectively. Maximum values of crop coefficient (KC) estimated from pan-A, Penman and Penman-Montieth equation were 0.80, 0.81 and 0.95, respectively. A Field study was conducted to calculated evaporation from pan A and study some of influenced factor on the magnetic mechanism. Two pans from the class A have been used, one of them was filled with magnetic water to the depth of 0.2m, and other was filled with unmagnetic water. Evaporation from pan, water temperature and salinity were determined at the same time for each pans. Keyword: evapotranspiration, magnetic technology, water quality, sunflower, water use efficiency | ||
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