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CLIMATIC INTERACTION EFFECTS OF RAIN AND WIND ON SOIL EROSION IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS | ||
| Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 321-334 | ||
| Author | ||
| Khalid F. Hassan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| To quantify temporal trends of water and wind erosion at Mosul city /northern Iraq, two climatic erosivity index were calculated for the long-term period of 1979-2009. The Rainfall erosivity factor( R ) of USLE is calculated from the monthly rainfall amounts of each individual year and reported as (Cp). Temporal aspects of rainfall distribution within a year was defined by the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) based on monthly rainfall amounts. Thornthwaits PE index and wind velocity were combined for predicting the potential consequences of the local climatic factor ( C ) of wind erosion equation (WEQ). The results showed that although all the annual rainfall records are within the normal moisture regime, but there is a variation in their erosivity effect on soil. The distribution of PCI with the rainfall erosivity (Cp ) during the record period follows a regular pattern with somewhat high values (0.684) of coefficient of determination ( R2 ) .On the other hand, the decreasing trend of the Cp is registered toward the time period of last decade, and registered a low soil erosion risk class. Due to increases in air temperature and decreases in annual rainfall depth , the monthly distribution of wind erosion was between 0.274 and 3.599 Mg /ha. According to the FAO classification ,climatic erosivity factor C in this region was within high to very high risk class. From this point, it was concluded that a stronger combined effects of water and wind soil erosion are observed in this region.. It is estimated that more than half of yearly erosivity is located within the risk of water erosion. Therefore, only a small part of the yearly erosive wind energy will be responsible for the soil loss in the region | ||
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