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Fai’ theory in the first century A.H. | ||
| JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN | ||
| Article 1, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 226-245 | ||
| Author | ||
| Jassim Sagban Ali | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The fai’ is the income of the bait al mal of Muslims which come from the Khraj, Jizya, Ushur, Ghanaim and every thing that within public endowment for all Muslims benefit. The Muslim Imam could spend it according to his religious duty. Because of the importance of the land the prophet and the rightly guided caliphates left it under the name of the (estates in mortmain). They did not distribute it with the ghanaim. The feudal began in the time of the prophet in order to restore the land and to sustenance the people and to support Bait al mal with necessary money for the benefit of the Islamic people, so did the rightly guided caliphates. The military feudal began with the beginning of the Islamic Fituh in order to serve the territorial army by fulfillment of the food supply. So the feudal in the prophet and rightly guided caliphates times appeared for obligatory reasons .it was not a large landed property but a small land property for life and to serve the Jihad and to resist the enemies. In the Umayyade period most Kharraje officials were treating the people unjustly, and impose a high taxes on the Thana feudal .that made most of them join the owner of a big land (the feudal), this way was called Al- Taljia which made the properties bigger than before and the smaller properties smallest. The owners of the bigger properties ordered the Dahqans to direct their properties, while they lived in the cities. That was a good time for Dahqans in order to treat the farmers unjustly so the farmers become in abad status and made them to dip in resistance movements. The idea of endowment appeared in the time of the prophet and became more clarity in the time of Omar Ibnal Khattab. It was arranged in the time of Omar Ibn Abdal Aziz at the beginning of 100 A.H. when he ordered not to sale the land, but it was sold after his death. | ||
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