The effect of addition of some soil conditioners on crust formation for two soil materials different in their exchangeable Sodium percentage

	The effect of addition of some soil conditioners on crust formation for two soil materials different in their exchangeable Sodium percentage
AL-TAQANI
Article 1, Volume 24, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 193-204
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of some soil conditioners on the crust formation for two soil materials which are different in their exchangeable sodium percentage.A laboratory experiment were performed , soil samples were taken from the A-Horizon ( 0 – 30 cm) of two locations from the fields of agriculture College University of Baghdad , in Abu –Ghraib, one was non saline soil ( ESP= 4.48 ) and the other was saline alkaline soil ( esp=21.14). Both soil were within the typic torrifluvent group. The two soils samples treated with the three types of soil conditioners, which were1% of fuel oil, 0.6% of wheat residues ( straw ) , and 0.6 % of animal manure. The soil samples were put in plastic containers of 32.5 cm diameter and 13 cm depth with three replicates. The results showed that the addition of fuel oil , wheat residues, and animal manure decrease the soil surface crust thickness from 0.764 to 0.262, 0.621 and 0.153 cm for the first soil and from 0.921 to 0.463, 0.801 and 0.286 cm for the second soil respectively. The addition of above conditioners were reduced modules of rupture, penetration resistance, bulk density , while the mean weight diameter increased in both soils. The increase of exchangeable sodium percentage increased the modules of rapture, penetration resistance and bulk density while the mean diameter decreased, which was reflected in the increase of hardness and thickness of the crust formed on the soil surface.

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