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the reality of beekeeping in Iraq and ways of developing them | ||
| journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences/ University of baghdad | ||
| Article 1, Volume 17, Issue 61, 2011, Pages 183-198 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ﺺ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ (ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ) ﻜﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻉ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺠﻲ ﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺠﻲ (ﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـل ) ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺘـﻪ ﻭﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﺃﺼـﻨﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ (ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﻘـل ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻕ ﻭﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﻊ )، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻗﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﻴﺭﻓـﻊ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ. ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺩﻭﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴ ﻌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋـﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﻴـﺩﺓ ﻤﺜل (ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ، ﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻠﺔ ، ﻁﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ، ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ، ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ )، ﺇﺫ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ (53) ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ (2007) ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻫﻲ (ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﻁﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل، ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ). ﻭﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻁـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺩﻋﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ، ﻟﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﺘﻨـﺎﻭل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﺇﺫ ﺸﻤ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻊ ﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ، ﻭﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺼـﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺤـﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋـﻥ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ، ﻭﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ، ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ، ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﻨﻪ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| the reality of beekeeping in Iraq and ways of developing them | ||
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