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relationship anilyces | ||
| journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences/ University of baghdad | ||
| Article 1, Volume 15, Issue 56, 2009, Pages 119-139 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Since a long time, By reason of limitation of the natural resources, the Gulf's residents devoted their activities towards the sea: fishing, pearl industry: the essential element in the employment and creation the economic surplus in the region at that time. The importance of this activity increased especially after the second half of the nineteenth century, by reason of the flourishing of international pearl trade and opening up the Gulf region towards the European country that be present at the industrial development. The pearl industry that considered being an important commodity carried out under special labour system. The number of the employment in this industry was between 20-25% from the total number in the region during the first quarter of the twentieth century. In addition of the local employment, there was employments from Iran, India, Pakistan and another number from east Africa that was be among them a large number of slaves, work in pearl industry in spite of the British authorities prevent the piracy acts and the slaves trade in the Gulf and Indian Ocean. Ordering functional in pearl industry declare that there was nine echelon divided specifically according to type of work that every echelon work with it. And the two effective elements in the producing operation are: ــ The financer: that grant to workers advances with interest reach to 25% per season (four months). ــ The diver and his assistant: the diver is the most important connecting link in the producing operation where there was a (paradox), and they were the most losers in the producing operation materially and socially . The professional did not know any kind of wages system but it was working according to a sort quota system and usually the divers and their assistants unable to pay their advance and previous debts with interest. The central point: that the workers usually kept in durable debt and that authorize the financer (merchant) according to custom in that time to keep the divers and their assistants in the same work in the following seasons. Maybe to the end of life for some of them. | ||
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