THE TIGRIS RIVER CREEP PHENOMENON RELATIONSHIP WITH BANK STONE CLADDING WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY

J. Rasheed, Moaied

	THE TIGRIS RIVER CREEP PHENOMENON RELATIONSHIP WITH BANK STONE CLADDING WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY
Iraqi Journal of Science
Article 1, Volume 52, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 204-211
Author
Moaied J. Rasheed
Abstract
Tigris River meanders in Baghdad in several areas. Al-Jadiriyah, Al-Kadimia and Al-Atafia are the most important meander that meanders sharp and distinctive with sinuosity reach 4.1, 2 and 1.5 respectively Maps, aerial photographs and satellite images have been used, also surveyed field study, and by matching these maps, reflect and show the increased distortions intensity and slowly in the first half of the last century because of the impact of repeated high discharges and for the erosion in the concave side and the process of deposition in the convex side. After the middle of last century high discharges decreased due to the construction of dams and hence the lower the activity of the river and stopped the river migration and confined within the boundaries of the river downstream. The deposits of the study area represented by Holocene deposits of sand, silt and clay. The nature of the energy of deposition is determined by the river where the sand deposited first at the bottom of the river bed, which represents the beginning of the sediment cycle, the more fine grains to the top phenomenon fining upwards, a phenomenon characteristic of the fluvial meandering environments. The stone walls made on the banks of the Tigris River within the city of Baghdad, the work of the cladding stone to the sides of the river and did not reached the bottom of the river making it easier to erosion of coarse river deposits, and thus the collapse of cladding with stone usually sites, thereby requiring processors engineering the most important of throwing large Dolomite stones to prevent this process occurs.

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