Histological Study OF The esophagus And stomach Of The Rook (Corvus  frugilegus  frugilegus, Linnaeus 1758)

	Histological Study OF The esophagus And stomach Of The Rook (Corvus frugilegus frugilegus, Linnaeus 1758)
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science
Article 1, Volume 15, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 198-204
Abstract
The present study represent the histological structure of the esophagus and stomach of Rook (Corvus frugilegus frugilegus) bird one of the multi _nutrition or called (Omnivorous). The result showed that the esophagus mucosa membrane composed of lining epithelium of non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue and had a longitudinal folds which were deeper in upper esophagus than that of lower esophagus. The lamina propria has esophageal glands.The submucosa composed of a thin layer of connective tissue. Muscularis externa consists of two layers of smooth muscle fibers ,which were an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer which were surrounded by adventitia. The histological structure for the provetriculus and ventriculus , mucosa in them consist of simple columnar cells and has superificial gastric glands,and projections called folds. The proventriculus submucosa consists of connective tissue and contains of deep gastric glands, this layer is thicker, but was not identified in the ventriculus. Muscularis externa in both parts of stomach consist of two layers of smooth muscles fibers, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer, and these layers surrounded by serosa ,additionally the mucosa layer for ventriculus is coated by cuticle layer.

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