Effect of nitrogen fertilization and number of branches on vegetative, flowering growth and volatile oil yield of Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus  L.

	Effect of nitrogen fertilization and number of branches on vegetative, flowering growth and volatile oil yield of Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus L.
Magazine of Al-Kufa University for Biology
Article 1, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 126-136
Abstract
An experiments was conducted in the lathhouse of the Hort. Dep., Agric. Coll., Basrah Univ. in order to investigate the effect of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer 0 , 60 or 120 Kg N/Donum and three treatments of the branches number by leaving plants without pruning , leaving two branches on the main stem without limitation the growth laterals branches on them and leaving four branches on the main stem and two lateral branches on each of them and their interactions on vegetative, flowering growth and volatile oil yield of Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus L.var “Chabaud”L. for the period from 15, Oct , 2004 to 15, June , 2006 . Results were as following : The addition of the nitrogen fertilizer to the plants at the level of 120 Kg N/ Don. caused a significant increase in the most characteristics of the vegetative and flowering growth as well as volatile oil yield , oil per cent , production of volatile oil per Donum and in addition to increase the density, the specific gravity in the first season . While the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at the levels of 60 or 120 Kg N/Don. caused a significant increase in stem diameter and the fresh weight of flower increased in the second season without any significant effect between the two levels . As well as the carbohydrate content of the leaves increased in the two high levels of nitrogen fertilizer at the first season and at the level 60 Kg N. Don-1 in the second season. When four branches were on the plants this led to a significant increase in a plant height , diameter of stem, volatile oil yield and oil percent for both seasons. Whereas left two branches or four on the plants caused a significant increase in the leaves content from chlorophyll in second season. While the number of the flowers and flowers yield increased when were left two branches on the plants in the both seasons. The interaction among the plants that left with two branches and fertilized at 60 Kg N/ Don. caused a significant increase in a plant height, diameter of stem for both seasons, carbohydrates content of the leaves in the second season only. While the interaction among the plants were left with four branches and fertilized at level 120 Kg N/ Don. increased leaves content from chlorophyll for second season, whereas the volatile aromatic oil yield and oil percentage for both seasons. The interaction among plants left without pruning and fertilized with 120 Kg N/ Don. caused a significant increase in leafy area in both season, flower yield. While the interaction had no significant effect in physical characteristics of volatile aromatic oil. The interaction among the plants left with two branches and fertilized with 120 Kg N/ Don .caused a significant increase flower yield.

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