The Development o  Self – Concept of Kurdish  Fatherless Children Compared To  Those who are Living With Their Fathers

	The Development o Self – Concept of Kurdish Fatherless Children Compared To Those who are Living With Their Fathers
Kirkuk University Journal: Humanity Studies
Article 12, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 179-197
Abstract
Abstract Self–Concept is a complicated, psychological term, and it is regarded as one of the complicated Psycologyical concepts . It is one of the basic variables which is related to the growth and development and building the personality. Self- Concept is man s view point of himself.It is a map which is used by people to understand themselves.It is descriptiv in nature not judgemental.This view point is constructed through interacting of several factors. The most outstanding one is the interaction of experience with the surrounding environment and its relation with the others. Self–Concept appears in the pre–operational stage between (2-7) years, especially in intuitive thinking phase between (4-7) years. The aims of the study : The present study aims at identifying : First: Developing the self – concept of Kurdish fatherless children (male) at the ages of (4,6,8,10) years. Second: Developing the self – concept of Kurdish children (male) who live with their fathers at the ages of (4,6,8,10) years . Third:The differences in developing self– concept between fatherless children and those who live with their fathers according to their ages (4,6,8,10) years . Fourth:The differences in developing self–concept between Kurdish fatherless children (male)compared with those who are living with parents. Limitation of the study : This study is limited to Kurdish children who are fatherless and those who are living with their fathers (male) . They are selected from kindergartens, and primary schools (4-10) years in the center of Arbil for the academic year of 2005-2006. The procedure :A -The data:Since there is no a ready– made scale for measuring self- concept convenient to the sample,the researcher has prepared a scale depending on several previous studies such as (Al-Fayaz scale 1986,Qasim scale 1988, and Ali,2003).The scale consisted of (35) prouncable & pictorial items for each positive item there is a negative item (through picture) and the vice versa.The items are divided into four levels (physical, mental,social,emotional )The researcher tried to discover the construction of the concept in childs thought and identifying the differences through the observation of the pictures by children and their responses.the scale and its translation have been validated by presenting them to several experts.Reliability has been computed:it was (0,87) by using re-test method. B- Sample : The sample consists of (168) fatherless children and those who are living with their parents between (4-10) year , they are selected from kinder gartens and primary schools(govermental). They are studed in a random dividing them on 24 kindergartens and primary schools. C- Statistical methods : The following statistical methods have been used to deal with the hypotheses : the (t-test) for one sample and (t-test) for two independent samples, Pearson correlating factors,qai sequare,one way anoya individual appearance, and Shaffee method. The results :- The results can be summarized as follows : The first aim:It is clarified that self–concept in Kurdish fatherless children develops with age up i.e depending on the related years of the research. The second aim: It is clarified that self – concept in those children living with their fathers develops to the age i.e depending on the related years of the research (4,6,8,10) years . The third aim: There are significant statistical differences between the degrees of self-concept of the fatherless children and those living with their fathers depending on the related years (6,8,10) years and in favor of the latter,except in (4) years old there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups . The fourth aim: The results have revealed that there are (in general) significant statistical differences between the degrees of self - concept of Kurdish fatherless children and those children who live with their fathers , in favor of the latter . As a result of these, the research presented several suggestions .

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