Forums (Mona), Andalucia

	Forums (Mona), Andalucia
journal of arabian sciences heritage
Article 1, Volume 0, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 133-160
Abstract
The Gardens and Orchards of Andalusia Abstract The arrival of the Arabs to The Iberian Peninsula had a massive impact on agriculture in that region which was terribly suffered from deterioration and stagnation in the last years of Visigoth reign. The paper illustrates the influence of the Islamic Conquer on the transfer of the agriculture corps from East to West, especially those that grow in India under the seasonal wind, which cannot grow in the Arabic countries, including Andalusia, without irrigation due to the draught in summer. The Arab Muslims also harmonized between the diverse cultural trends; that is, the harmonization of the Indian agricultural systems, the Roman and Arabic hydrolytic techniques, the legal system of providing water to people that includes a mix of nomadic, Arabic, barbaric, along with the Islamic legislation, had formed a completely different method from that of the Roman irrigation system at that time, whether in using or distributing the water, in addition to use a kind of economy that unify all of that. The paper mentions the agriculture in Andalusia after the Arab Conquer and using methods of irrigation that goes back to the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Damascus and Yemen, and how they tried to adapt new plants in their countries, in addition to the agriculture knowledge that were brought by the Arab Muslims that enriched the agriculture in Andalusia in many ways and influenced the knowledge of the Christians and their methods of agriculture. In addition to mention some of the scientists who made experiments on plants and wrote down the results so that the people would get use of that. The farmers of Andalusia had established gardens by using some of the ways that they were using in Yemen for centuries such as underground drilling and construction of underground water channels. They also tried to find new methods to adapt new plants they brought from the East and Africa by planting them with continuous observation to notice how these plants react to the Andalusian soil and the atmosphere. As a result, the number of the gardens and orchards became more and more to the degree that the poets started to recite poems on their beauty and their moderate atmosphere. The paper also explains how the farmers of Andalusia had erected the orchards and gardens that had all the features of quiet, comfort and peace, along with the description of some of those gardens and the poems about them.

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