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DISTRIBUTION OF CELESTITE IN KARBALA AND NAJAF AREA – CENTRAL SOUTHERN PART OF IRAQ | ||
| Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining | ||
| Article 1, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 45-56 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Azhar A. Al-Khateeb; Karim M. Hassan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| A detailed geological survey in Karbla and Najaf area has been carried out by the authors and others including a lot of geological sections, traverses, document points and mapping, beside drilling boreholes, to investigate the origin and distribution of the celestite in the studied area. The work indicates that the main celestite deposit is concentrated as a narrow strip of about 200 m width along both Tar Al–Najaf and Tar Al–Sayyed, then decreases downwards within Karbala–Najaf Plateau. It is scattered along both tars (cliffs), either within certain areas, extending to many kilometers or within isolated sections, in very limited areas. Abu–Jir Fault is the main and the principle controlling factor on the distribution of the celestite, in the studied area in addition to the lithology, porosity and permeability. The celestite has been found in the upper part of Injana Formation and the lower part of Dibdibba Formation within sandstone, siltstone or silty claystone beds, but more concentrated in the sandstone beds of Dibdibba Formation. It is differentiated in the field either by its heavy weight in a tough, cliff–forming siltstone or silty claystone beds or as colourless needle–shaped crystals in heavy, tough sandstone beds. Generally, three main horizons of celestite are present in different levels in both formations, but more horizons may be present in other areas. The celestite is formed from the combination of Sr from the deep ground water and the SO3, which was supplied from the surrounding environment due to high ground water level and continuous evaporation. The thickness of the celestite–bearing beds ranges from (0.1–0.5) m. The Sr concentration is up to 34% whereas the celestite concentration is up to 74.8 %. | ||
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