- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
THE MECHANISM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON KARSTIC SPRINGS FLOW OF SARCHINAR SPRING, A CASE EXAMPLE, SULAIMANIYAH, NE IRAQ | ||
| Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining | ||
| Article 1, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 87-100 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zoran Stevanovic; Salahalddin S. Ali | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Sarchinar spring is one of the largest springs in northern Iraq, it supplies municipal water for the Sulaimaniyah city of 700000 inhabitants. The outlet drains a large catchment area, some 200 Km2 of the Sarchinar – Chaq Chaq karstic system. The recharge of the spring is based on: A) the diffuse infiltration of rainfall through the exposed outcrops of Jurassic and Cretaceous (Qamchuqa – Kometan or Balambo formations, thickly-bedded and highly fractured limestone layers); B) the percolation of runoff and intermittent stream water of Chaq Chaq valley through tectonically active zones. During the recession periods of the extremely dry 1999 and 2000, the minimal discharge of the system was around 600 l/sec. The recorded maximum discharge during the period 1999 – 2005 was 7454 l/sec (March, 2003). For the characterization of karstic aquifer and discharge regime evaluation, the analyses of input – output relationship was applied including the autocorrelation, cross-correlation and spectral density methods. The main characteristics are cyclic variations and significant aquifer storage capacity. During winter time, the system reacts to rainfall events with a delay of a few days representing the minimum travel time for the recharging inputs. Meanwhile, a slow reaction could be observed during low water period after approximately one month (rainfall at the beginning of May transferred as output at the beginning of June). The regime of this spring is determined by several factors, the principals are: arid climate and unstable recharge (six months without rainfall), well karstified and fractured aquifer system, and recharge by seepage from the nearby Chaq Chaq valley. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 35 PDF Download: 27 |
||