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INTERPRETATION OF NEW FACIES IN THE PILA SPI FORMATION (MIDDLE – LATE EOCENE), IN SULAIMANIYAH, NE IRAQ | ||
| Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining | ||
| Article 1, Volume 7, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 33-45 | ||
| Author | ||
| Polla A. Khanaqa | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Pila Spi Formation (Middle – Late Eocene) was previously assigned as lagoonal crystallized limestone and poorly fossiliferous, including gastropods, miliolids and algae. Conversely, during fieldwork new facies and lithologies were observed in outcrop sections. These sections contain intervals (10 – 40 m thick) that are characterized by massiveness and high fossils content; such as: algae, corals and bryozoans and their bioclasts. These constituents can be identified only in polished slab, while in thin section they are hardly identifiable due to diagenetic processes. These constituents form several facies such as: floatstone, bindstone, framestone, bafflestone and rudstone. The discovery of these facies revealed new environmental and paleogeographic setting for the Middle – Late Eocene in the northeastern part of Iraq. The depositional environment is a carbonate ramp with low topographic patchy reef, back reef and lagoon. The evidences for ramp are gradual changes of the facies and absence of high energy facies. The new facies of the Pila Spi Formation and Avanah Formation are deposited on back reef and reef environments, respectively. The ramp is bordered from south and southwest by open marine basin where Jaddala Formation was deposited, while it is limited from the north by paleohigh, which separates the ramp from Walash – Naopurdan Group. | ||
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