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GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE MESOPOTAMIA PLAIN | ||
| Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining | ||
| Article 1, Volume 0, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 1-26 | ||
| Author | ||
| Sabah Y. Yacoub | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The present study is a review of the geomorphology of the Mesopotamia Plain. It depends on the data obtained from the regional geological survey project of the plain, which has been carried out during the years 1977 through 1981 by GEOSURV's geological staff. The Mesopotamia Plain is vast lowland, which has clearly defined physiographic boundaries with the Low Folded Zone, in the northern and eastern sides and the Western Desert and Al-Jazira Area, in the western side. The Mesopotamia Plain is considered as a huge aggradational (accumulational) geomorphologic unit, where the fluvial, lacustrine, and Aeolian landforms prevail. Estuarine and marine forms also exist, but these are restricted to the extreme southeastern reaches of the plain. However, the degradational (erosional) landforms are developed, but these are not well expressed. The geomorphic units are classified according to origin, geomorphic position, and lithology. Some of the units involve different geomorphic features, which are described with some details taking in consideration their order and importance. The main geomorphologic units of the aggradational fluvial origin are: Terraces, alluvial fans, sheet run-off plain, flood plains of major rivers and their distributaries, shallow depressions, marshes and lakes, and sabkhas. The tidal flat is the only marine aggradation form. The Aeolian forms are: Nabkhas, sand sheets and sand dunes, in addition to anthropogenic forms. The degradation geomorphic features are: Erosional cliffs, margins of flood stages and bad land, which are developed due to the lateral erosion and vertical incision of rivers and streams, wind deflation and tidal channels (creeks), which are resulted due to marine tides action. | ||
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