Response of Seeds, Yield and Quality of Tow Genotypes of Rapeseed to Planting Depth and Seed Size

O. Sarkees, N.

	Response of Seeds, Yield and Quality of Tow Genotypes of Rapeseed to Planting Depth and Seed Size
Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences
Article 1, Volume 12, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 54-63
Author
N. O. Sarkees
Abstract
Two genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (Pioneer and Srew) were planted on 7/11/2008 at seeding depth (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 cm) with (1.4-1.7), (1.7-2.0) and more than 2 mm size to recognize the best depth and seed size for the two genotypes. A factorial experiment (2x4x3) was applied with randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results proved Pioneer superior to emergence speed and rate (2.5% and 29.95%) respectively and dicotyledonous area (202.2 mm2) which resulting in increasing in root group length (5.0 cm), shoot length (9.4 cm), plant root and shoot group fresh weights (0.089 g) and (1.021 g) respectively, seed weight rate (4.9 mg) and oil percentage (39.2%). The number of siliques/plant and seeds/silique decreased for the same genotype by 10.8% and 41.1% respectively. The 2.5 cm seeding depth is the best, which gave the highest emergence rate (49.85% and 55.5%) respectively and more surface area of dicotyledonous (263.4 mm2) and tallest root and shoot group (6.5 cm and 13.5 cm) respectively and higher fresh weight for same groups (0.165 and 2.212 g/plant) respectively which increased plant yield resulting from increasing number of siliques/plant (103.3 silique) and number of seeds/silique (17.0 silique) and increasing in percentage of oil 39.5% compare to 10 cm seed depth. The seed size had effect on these traits as well, as the large sizes 9larger than 2 mm) gave emergence speed (34.0%) and largest emergence rate and dicotyledonous area (42.3% and 232.7 mm2) respectively and long root group (5.70 cm). The number of siliques/plant and seeds/silique (77.7 silique) and (17.2 seed) respectively at this seed size. This size does not contrast to (1.7-2.0) seed size in seed weight rate (3.9 mg) and (4.1mg) respectively and the larger seeds gave higher oil percentage (37.2%). The best seed depth for pioneer is 2.5 cm for its rapid emergence (53.3%) and higher seeds emergence rate (60.3%), and significant diacotyledon area (301.2 mm2) and longest shoot group (13.6 cm) and therefore gave the highest plant yield and number of silique (5.03 g) and (121.2 silique) respectively and its seeds were distinguished for their high oil percentage (44%). The seed size of Pioneer genotype larger than (2.0 mm) was the best in speed and rate of emergence, diacotyledon are and oil percentage, whereas plant yield for Srew genotype, number of siliques and number of seeds/silique was superior when its seeds were planted larger seed depth than (2.0 mm). There was a fluctuation in the effects when large size seeds were planted in light seed depths (2.5 cm) superior to emergence speed (84.85%), emergence rate (94.7%) and dicotyledon surface area (355.7 mm2), and plant yield increased (5.28 g/plant), silique number/plant (145.2 silique) and seed number/silique (21.5 seed). While the seeds were average size at the same seed depth, the increase was in root and shoot groups length and the fresh and dry weights for the same two groups. Seed depth (2.5 cm) with seed size larger than (2.0 mm) was favorite when Pioneer genotype was planted because of its superiority to plant yield (5.74 g), silique number (159.3 silique) and distinguished by its high oil percentage (44.7%), the same seed depth and size were distinguished for Srew genotype, because it was faster in emergence (91.7%) and greater in emergence rate (97.79%) with the highest root group length (8.83 cm).
Keywords
Yield; Genotypes; rapeseeds

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