Losses and vaibility of mechanically harvest maize and Sunflower seeds .

	Losses and vaibility of mechanically harvest maize and Sunflower seeds .
Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science
Article 1, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 189-205
Abstract
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Field Crop Research Center in Abu- Ghraib to determine losses and quality of Maize and sunflower seeds harvested by combine class. Increasing speed of combine harvester from 1.5 to 3.5 Km/ h leed to increas losses in cutting unit form 1.85% to 4.36% and in Threshing unit form 0.95% to 1.79% with a total loss of 3.28% to 6.72% in Maize . Meanwhile in sunflower ; changing speed of combine form 1.5 to 3.5 Km / h increased seeds loss form 1.24% to 3.5% for plants harvested in June 20, and form 1.83% to 4.43% for plants harvested in July 10 . This gives a total loss of 2.23% to 4.67% and from 2.80% to 5.40% in the first and second harvests, respectively . However, combine speed did not affect loss percentages in straw worker(sperated unit) and cleaning unit in both crops. On the other hand , speed combination of combine harvesting durm, and cleaning fan affected seed loss. Percent of broken was increased from 6.40% to 10.90% in Maize and form 2.60% to 5.60% in sunflower in the first harvest and form 4.20% to 9.10% in the second harvest when combine speed raised from 1.5 to 3.5 Km / h and the harvesting drum speed from 450 to 550 r.p.m (for Maize )and 400 to 600 r.p.m (for Sunflower) . At the same time ,impurities in Maize were increased from 9.19% to 12.63% . In Sunflower impurities in were increased from 5.90% to 16.00% ,and from 5.10% to 13.10% for the first and second harvest, respectively Germination percentage were increased in Maize from 45,30% to 70.60% when speed of combine was redused from3.5 to 1.5 Km / h and harvest drum speed from 550 to 450 r.p.m for Sunflower , Germination percentage were increased for some speedsfrom 64.0% to84.60% for the first harvest and form 52.60% to 79.30% for the second harvest ,respectively .According these results , it was recommended to use combine speed of 30.5 km/h and harvesting drum speed of 450 r.p.m ,when harvesting spring grown Maize in Iraq , while using some combine speed with 400 r,p,m .to harvest Sunflower of high quality seed provided no delay in harvest time .

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