AlBasrah  city in records the islamic geographers and passengers

Towfiq Selman, Layla; Taqi Aldin  Arif, Rafah

	AlBasrah city in records the islamic geographers and passengers
مجلة آداب البصرة
Article 9, Volume 8, Issue 63, 2012, Pages 329-390 PDF (0 K)
Authors
layla towfiq Selman; rafah taqi aldin arif
Abstract
Arabic Islamic history witnessesed emergence a lot of cities which played important roles in the militery ,political ,economic ,social and religious fields.these cities got wide importance and great attention from side the Islamic geographers and passengers. Their compositions introduced important information about the life of these citiese ,like geographic ,historical social description and cultural development , they mentioned in it ,its architectural planes ,like palaces ,mosques ,shops,markets ,baths ,graves scenes and schools seminors,in addition to their translation for their scientists and scholars and their scientific achievements and their explanations for the importance of the arabi Islamic city economically ,politically and intellectually,trying to emerge its charecterstics and favours . From these cities,AL –Basrah city and it is created by the Islam,Utba bin Gazwan designed it on 17 th Higra ,and he was working at that time for the successor Umer Bin Al- khttab (allah agreed about him ).in order to emerge the bequest of this rich city by its civilizational development and the production of its scientists . we selected for the research topic(AL-Basrah city in records Islamic geographers and passengers),who high lighted in it on the Islamic geographers and passengers writings. This letter included four researchs. The first research: we mentioned in it information of the Islamic geographers and passengers about the name ,location ,building al-basrah and its geographical description and the more importants of its architectural characteristics , like palaces, fences, scenes, markets and baths. The second research: we mentioned in it the Islamic geographers andpassengers records about the economical and political situation of Al-Basrah. The third research :- we mentioned in the Islamic geographers and passengers records about the social and religious situations of AL-Basrah. The fourth reseach– we mentioned in it what the Islamic geographers and passengers enrolled about AL-Basrah scientists, scholars and its intellectual currents. This study depends on what the Islamic geographers and passengers enrolled and they are sequently :- First :-AL-Basrah in the Islamic geographers and passengers through the third and fourth centuries AL-higra,the ninth and tenth A.C: 1- AL-Blathery : Ahmad bin Yeihyah ( died813A-C) (279H)in the book futoohAl-Buldan. 2- Al-Yqooby : Ahmad bin wadhih (died 938A-C -292H) in his book (AL-buldan ). 3- AL-esttakhry : Abu eshaaq ibrahim bin mohammid (died about 959 A-C/348H) in his book(masalik AL- mamalik ) 4- Ibin AL- faqih AL-hamathani ( died in the second half from the fourth Hegrah century- the tenth A.C ) in his book ( mukhtassar kitab AL- al buldan) . 5- Ibin hawqal : Abu AL-Qasim Mohammad bin ali AL –baghdadi AL-Nussaibi ,( died 977A-C/ 367 H) in his book ( ssorat AL-ared) 6- AL- maqdisi AL-Beshari : Abu –Abuduallah shams AL din Mohammad bin Amad ( died 985A-C/ 355 H) in his book ( Asan AL-Taqaseem fi Maarefat Alaqalim ). Second : AL-Basrah in records Islamic geographers and passengers through the fifth and sixth Higra centuries –the eleventh and the twelfth A-C 1- AL-Sharif AL-Edreisi :Abu Abidullah mohammad bin Abdullah Bin Edreis (died 1164A-C/560H) in his book(Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq fi ikhtiraq Al- Afaq ). Third; Al –Basrah in record the Islamic geographers,and passengers through the seventh and eighth H./third and fourteenth A-C centuries ;- 1- Yaqoot Al –Hamawi ;Abu Abdulla Ahmad Bin Shihab(died 1228A-C/626H) in his book (Mujam Al- Buldan ). 2- Al- qezwini Abu Abdullah Zakaria bin Mohammad (died 1283A-C/682H). 3- AL- Himyari;Abu Abdullah Mohammad Bn Abid ALmnim (died 1323or 1326A-C/723or727H)in his book (AL-rawdh ALmittar fi Khbar AL-Aqttar). 4- Shakh Al-Rabwah Al-Dumashqi;Abu Abdullah Shams Al-din Mohammad Bin Abi TTalib (died 1324A-C/727H) in his book (Nukhbat Al ddahar fi Ajaaeib al –Al bar wa Al bahar ). 5- Abu AL-fedah : EimadAL-din Ismail bin umer (died 1331A.C/732H)in his book ( Tawqweem AL-Buldan). 6- Ibin Fadil Allah AL-Umari:SHihab ALdin Ahmad Bin Yahyah(died1349A.C/749H).in his book( Msalk Alabsar fi Mmalik Al Amssar). 7- Ibin Battutta;Abu Abdullah Mohammad Bin Ibrahim (died 1377A-C/779H),in his book (Tuhfat ALndhar fi Graib AL-Amssar and Ajaib AL-Asfar which is known briefly by (Rihlat Ibn Battutta). And the research concluded by conclusion and list of the sources and references.
Keywords
AlBasrah city in records the islamic geographers; and passengers

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