Sociological Risk Factors in the Development of Type II Diabetes for Adult Male Case-control Study

B. AL-Youzbaki, Dhafer

	Sociological Risk Factors in the Development of Type II Diabetes for Adult Male Case-control Study
IRAQI JOURNALOF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Article 1, Volume 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 40-46
Author
Dhafer B. AL-Youzbaki
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for the majority of diabetic cases. The disease mechanisms in type 2 diabetes are not wholly known. Type 2 diabetes usually developed after the age of 40, but it is now also increasing in children. The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases are showing an upward trend in most countries for several reasons, one of them is the life styles and behavioral patterns of people are changing rapidly in adopting western forms (obesity, heavy salt and alcohol intake, sedentary life and much more stresses). Developing countries are now warned to take appropriate steps to avoid the ""epidemics"" of chronic non-communicable diseases which they likely to come with socio-economic and health development. Aim: To examine social risk factors in the development of type II diabetes in adult males. Study design: Case-control study, where 120 adult males with type 2 diabetes were allocated as cases and another 120 adult males without type 2 diabetes as control. Matching is done for age ± 5 years. Unpaired sampling technique had been used. Study period: 1st. February to 1st. July 2006. Questionnaire: Including, assessment of social factors in the development of type 2 diabetes as personal characteristics (social identity, personal habits and psychological make-up), life events (stress, social discontinuities and geographical mobility) and social context (economic factors, social integration, urbanization and social class). In addition, body mass index and waist to hip ratio were also estimated. Results: Regarding Personal Characteristics; positive family history was found in this study to be highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (OR=2.50, 95%C.I. =1.43-4.83), as well as sedentary life (OR=8.25, 95%C.I. = 4.75-14.33), and unhealthy dietary behaviors (OR=4.53, 95%C.I. = 2.21-9.72). According to Life Events; stress was found to be associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (OR=3.33, 95%C.I. = 1.98-5.61), as well as social discontinuities (OR=2.46, 95%C.I. = 1.33-4.54) and catastrophic events (OR=2.07, 95%C.I. = 1.07-4.02). In relation to Social Context; urbanization was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes (OR=2.85, 95%C.I. =3.64-12.93), and high crowding index also was found to be associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (OR=2.29, 95%C.I. = 1.38-3.79). Population in the social class III were found to be more prone for the development of type 2 diabetes (OR=3.82, 95%C.I. = 2.25-6.49). Regarding obesity; men with body mass index > 25 were found to be at risk in developing type 2 diabetes (OR=1.88, 95%C.I. = 1.12-3.17) and men with central obesity (waist to hip ratio > 1) were also more prone to develop type 2 diabetes (OR=2.60, 95%C.I. = 1.42-4.74) Conclusion: Positive family history, sedentary life, unhealthy dietary behavior, stress, social discontinuities, catastrophic events, urbanization, high crowding index, being in social class III and obesity, all are among the important sociological risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes for adult males. Key words: Sociological risk factors, type II diabetes, adult males.
Keywords
Sociological risk factors; type II diabetes; adult males

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