The espial in the American Civil War(1861-1865)

Rahim  Kazem Al-Hashemi, Dr.

	The espial in the American Civil War(1861-1865)
Alustath
Article 1, Volume 1, Issue 205, 2018, Pages 453-492
Author
Dr. Rahim Kazem al-Hashemi
Abstract
This paper deals with a very important topic as one of the important factors that contributed to the victory of the north to the south in the U.S. war civil (1861-1865) and talk here about espionage in the war by both sides, for giving a clear image divided the search to several topics, such as the beginnings of the first to form a system espionage in the north and south, and then we dealt with the most important techniques adopted by the both parties to carry out espionage, such as balloons and telegraph and the media, lamps, messages, code, and we dealt with the most important spies on both fronts, north and south, whether of men or women, as we were of the concept of Black dispatch or blacks spies. The research found a number of conclusions perhaps the most important that the speed of the formation of a spy on both fronts contributed one way or another, in the weakness of that system and its inability to achieve its assignments full, Add to that the lack of experience south , of the hand and its potential lack the other hand, shares of the other weakness the work of this device in the south. In contrast with the North had a good experience in this field, and great potential, but he also failed to detect many of the plans and operations intelligence that the South was carried out, add to this that the lack of unified leadership and the centrality of this device contributed to the lack of activities at times many, perhaps even some leaders sought to weaken it unwittingly by taking some wrong decisions such as the abolition Panel balloons.
Keywords
Spy; Techniques; civil war; Davies; woman spy; black spy

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