Jacobins and their political activity in France (1789 - 1799)

M. Hasan Al-Waily, Talib

	Jacobins and their political activity in France (1789 - 1799)
AL-AMEED JOURNAL
Article 1, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 229-278
Author
Talib M. Hasan Al-Waily
Abstract
Jacobins is an extremist political society known by its terrorist activity during the French Revolution 1789 started from the monastery of the Christian Jacobite in Brittany. It used every possible means to dominate the French political arena through its branches across the country. Thus they converted from the religious beginning to the attempt of dealing with the competitive trends، in away which secures its absolute domination on poles of the monarchy and affiliated on them، or deputies of the National Assembly of various backgrounds. When they had realized that their interests require another trend، they felt no hesitation to adopt the views and support of the Socialist thinker (Babuf). The also showed readiness for murders and bloody coups using the slogans of the Revolution in getting rid of their rivals. It has been found that there had been a close relationship between them and the Masons. They were able to direct and guide the actives of the National Assembly due to their prominent figures (Danton، Mara، Robespierre) despite the fact that they had no parliamentary seats which secure their being the Majority. They implemented many coups in order to dominate the scene. However، the Murder Robespierre was an indicator for the decline of the Assembly، even though it did not remove that influence which fading and appearing in accordance with circumstances and challenges. Finally The government managed to Crush all opposition forces. They appeal for Napoleon Bonaparte in suppressing the movement. Bourgeois hegemony was restored with the coming of Bonaparte starting with the coup of 18 Premiere (29 November 1799)، which ended the society of the Jacobins and most of the principles of the revolution alike.

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