EFFECT OF ADDITION AND LOCATION OF FERTILIZERS ON ROOT PENETRATION, AGGREGATE STABLITY, AND FINE PARTICLES DISPERTION.

	EFFECT OF ADDITION AND LOCATION OF FERTILIZERS ON ROOT PENETRATION, AGGREGATE STABLITY, AND FINE PARTICLES DISPERTION.
Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science
Article 1, Volume 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 203-216
Abstract
To study the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on some soil physical properties and roots penetration, on experiment was set up in canopy of wood at college of agriculture – Babylon university. Wheat plants ( Triticumaestivem ) was planted during fall season of 2011 –2012. Two different soils in texture were used :silty loam collected from Qadisiya and clay loam from Karbala. soils were air dried and passed carefully through a 2 mm sieve . Two types of fertilizers were used ; organic matter (sheep manure ) at rate 50 tons h-1 . and chemical fertilizers at rate of 160 kg h-1 . nitrogeen , 160 kg h-1 . phosphorous and 100 kg h-1 . potassium . The fertilizers were mixed carefully with soil and placed in a plastic tubes ( 10 cm . diam and 25 cm long ) each tube was connected to another tube filled with washing sand to drain water in the top tube, and the two tubes separated with filter paper. The initial layout of the tubes was randomly distributed in stand ( 40 × 125 × 175 ) cm. Five seeds were planted in each tube , and the Quantity of water on the different weights in the limited of field capacity . With addition watering the period of plants growing . The study included : 1- Physical properties : such as water stable – aggregates< 0.5mm and dispersion ratio for two depths of each tube ( 1 – 13 cm ) and ( 13 – 25 cm ) 2- Yield of plants : such as weight of dry roots for two depths . The results observed are as follows : 1- Increasing in water stable – aggregates and decreasing in dispersion ratio in organic or chemical fertilizer for two types of soil . 2- Increasing in weight of roots in organic or chemical fertilizer treatments for two types of soil comparing with control. 3- Positive effect of clay percentage in soil physical properties . 4- Positive relationship between weight of roots with water – stable aggregates and adverse relationship with dispersion ratio (silt +clay)

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