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Non-ablative Tattoo Removal Using Fundamental and Second Harmonic Nd:YAG Laser (Histological Observations) | ||
| Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics | ||
| Article 1, Volume 9, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 11-16 | ||
| Authors | ||
| T.A.T. Ibrahim; S.I. Hassan; W.K. Hamoudi | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In laser tattoo removal, selective photothermolysis permits the selective destruction of tattoo pigment molecules with very limited damage to surrounding tissue. To maximize the breakup of tattoo ink, the energy density (fluence), wave-length, and pulse duration of the laser need to be optimized. White domesticated Albino rabbits were used in our trials. Each received simultaneous injections of a color pigment tattoo while under general anesthesia, followed by sessions of Q-switched Nd: YAG (1064 and 532 nm), (100-800) mJ, and 5 and10 ns laser pulses for tattoo removal. The spectroscopic properties of black, brown, green, blue and red tattoo inks were studied in our trial. Laser fluence damage threshold of tattooed tissue was also investigated in order to select the optimized conditions for obtaining scar-free skin following tattoo removal. A histological observation of laser treated tissue, before and after laser treatment, was then performed using optical microscopy. Histological images of the biopsies taken after thirty days of laser treatment of both black and brown tattoos showed a marked reduction in pigment granules’ size, with no appearance of hyperplasia, inflammatory cells, or vacuolations. Our results suggest that the coexistence of macrophages is responsible for actively phagocytosing the laser-dispersed tattoo pigment. Skin biopsies have demonstrated local redistribution of ink granules. In addition to shuttering tattoo particles, the laser created some vacuolations, adding extra mechanical damage to the pigment. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| YAG Laser; Cavitations; Tattoo ink; Damage threshold | ||
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