Suitability of Injana Formation clays for Brick manufacturing in Khanoka area / Salah Al-Din Governorate

Salman Kadhim, Lafta; Hamid Al-Hazaa, Sawsan; Fadhel Akber Al-Beyate, Haider

	Suitability of Injana Formation clays for Brick manufacturing in Khanoka area / Salah Al-Din Governorate
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science
Article 1, Volume 18, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 296-308
Authors
Lafta Salman Kadhim; Sawsan Hamid Al-Hazaa; Haider Fadhel Akber Al-Beyate
Abstract
This study including the Suitability of Injana Formation clays for Brick manufacturing in Khanoka area / Salah Al-Din Governorate. were selected (4) different regions to demonstrate the suitability for the manufacture of bricks, Clay minerals identification by XRD are: illite , palygorskite , chlorite , kaolinite and montimorillionite, also clastic minerals such as : quartz , feldspar , calcite , dolomite and gypsum have been identified. Chemical analysis of Injana deposits including: SiO2 = (48.99% - 45.57%) CaO = (14.85% - 12.72%) SO3 = (1.80% - 0.25%) Fe2O3 = (6.68% - 4.60%) MgO = (5.06% - 4.08%) L.O.I = (14.49% - 14.21%) Al2O3 = (9.39% - 8.35%) TiO2 = (0.58% - 0.26%) Na2O = (1.07% - 0.99%) It is found (SiO2) forming the majority from grain size points most of the mixture are of (Sandy Mud and Muddy Sand) with intermiade and low plastic limit. One hundred – forty four samples of brick have manufactured in extrusion method and temperature applied to the samples are ( 750 , 950 and 1100 ) degrees Celsius, The physical and mechanical characters which including : colour , linear and volume shrinkage , water absorption , bulk density , Efflorescence and Compressive Strength have been calculated. The results showing decrease in the rate of water absorption and the extend of Efflorescence and increase the bulk density and the value of Compressive Strength with increasing firing temperature also increased the rate of linear and volume shrinkage in most study samples with increasing temperature of burning. Also the colour changes slightly with high applied heat. The recognized minerals after burning samples by XRD showing decomposion of many minerals and forming new phases of minerals such as: (diopside, wollastonite and gehlenite) which increasing with high temperature. By compare the results of different chemical and mechanical results with Iraqi standard No.(25) for (1993) for clay bricks. It is found the extrusion brick samples with class (A, B, C).

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