Investigate the effectiveness of each of the strategic thinking aloud and fish bone strategy in the development of scientific inference for students and their achievement of scientific knowledge

Ahlam Ali Hamoud, Dr.

	Investigate the effectiveness of each of the strategic thinking aloud and fish bone strategy in the development of scientific inference for students and their achievement of scientific knowledge
Alustath
Article 1, Volume 1, Issue 206, 2018, Pages 451-480
Author
Dr. Ahlam Ali Hamoud
Abstract
After re-reading the previous studies and educational literature related to the subject of Scientific Reasoning ,it was clear that the reduction of Arabian Studies which deal with this subject has affected greatly on developing students abilities to practice higher thinking skills (giving evidences , putting assumptions and compare them , and concluding results). The developing of students abilities in Scientific Reasoning considers a target that all educational systems endeavor to achieve in all studying stages, at the same time it is a mean to improve the level of persons and community. It is also a necessary tool that should be acquired by everyone to be able to produce, innovate and to be able using knowledge practically in solving life problems. For the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), the developing of student’s abilities on Scientific Reasoning considers one of the main targets for the process of Science within the American Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS) which is known as (2061) project or the science project for all American (AAAS, 1993, NRC, 1996). The Strategy of Thinking Aloud considers one of teaching strategies which reveals invisible ideas of someone to others. It helps teachers to see their students thinking skills and provide them with feedbacks when it is necessary. It also gives learners an opportunity to listen to their thinking and to learn how to observe the process of their thinking .For them certainly will be not able to get knowledge by writing data down on an empty paper in their minds. But on the contrary they base their knowledge actively and mix it with the previous knowledge to be integrated (Abdul-Hameed 1999). One of the other Teaching Strategies that based on Active Learning is Fish Bone Strategy. It can be called with many names like Ishikawa Diagram or Cause and Effect Diagram. Fish Bone considers a wonderful tool to analyze problems, by participating those who are reasons of these problems or at least they are the main components of them, to determine whether the problems were scientific or scientific calculating ones. This diagram helps to analyze and find out all problems even if they were small or vain. This Diagram considers one of the essential tools to practice comprehensive quality .The Fish Bone helps in realizing the complicated problem and change them into simple ones. This method aims to draw attention to the positive impact (Abu Al-QAMPAZ, 2010) The Research aims to investigate the following:- 1-Activity of both strategies Fish Bone and Thinking Aloud in developing Scientific Reasoning of students. 2- Activity of both strategies Fish Bone and Thinking Aloud in helping students to get their Scientific knowledge. The Research deals with the following:- 1-Students of Institute of Preparing Teachers /Al-Karkh/5th class branch of Science and Math, academic year of 2011-2012. 2- The first semester of academic year of 2011-2012. 3-The first fifteen experiments of practical Science Textbook/5th class branch of Science and Math adopted by Ministry of Education. 4-The two experimental groups of designation which complete each other have been chosen. The designation can be draw as follow:- The first experimental group Strategy of ( Thinking Aloud) Independent variable Scientific Reasoning and getting knowledge The second experimental group Strategy of ( Fish Bone) Independent variable Scientific Reasoning and getting knowledge The Researcher choose students of Institute of Preparing Teachers /Al-Karkh/4th class branch of Science and Math .The sample of research consists of 64 students divided into two sections .Each one consists of 32 students . She (the Researcher) used Scientific Reasoning Test which developed by (Lawson).It was translated into Arabic by (Naseer, 2004).The test consists of (12) section. The test has been chosen by the Researcher is the best among many others because it is more creditable and reasonable. The results of research show that the strategy of Thinking Aloud has more effective in testing Scientific Reasoning. Statistic differences between the two experimental groups may be belonging to use Thinking Aloud as a teaching strategy which participates in achieving the following:- 1-Active tool to teach how to think in solving a task and predicting results of an experiment. 2-Developing the ability of planning to perform the task, say questions and mix with others. The study results showed that there are no differences within the strategy of the variable of getting the scientific knowledge. The reason belongs to:- 1-Learning according to strategies of Fish Bone and Thinking Aloud is based on developing thinking through language, social reactions, debates and dialogue to build content and change ideas and opinions. 2- The two strategies participate in realizing the components of science such as: facts, conceptions, instructions, laws and theories. According to the study results, the researcher recommends the follow: 1-Preparing training course for teachers in service to train them how to use the strategy of Thinking Aloud in teaching sciences to develop the creative thinking. 2-encouraging teachers to use the strategy of Thinking Aloud because it allows students to express their needs and participate in planning for activities. __Due to the targets and results of the current study, I can suggest the following studies and researches:- 1-Study the impact of Thinking Aloud strategy in teaching sciences on developing other learning aspects like methods of various thinking. 2-Using Thinking Aloud strategy in teaching sciences in developing the creative thinking in all school stages. Key words:- Thinking Aloud strategy, Fish Bone strategy, Scientific Reasoning

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