- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
POSSIBILITY OF USING SOME MICROORGANISMS TO CONTROL THE GROWTH OF Pythium spp. | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science | ||
| Article 6, Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 23-32 PDF (573.38 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2013.94580 | ||
| Authors | ||
| BIHAR MOQDAD ABDULLAH* ; SAJID SALAHUDDIN SALEEM | ||
| University of Anbar - College of Science; | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The pathogenicity of three isolates of the genus Pythium (P.afertile , which was isolated from okra , hay isolate and cress isolate ) for many economical plants such as maize , sesame , cucumber and tomato were studied in artificially infested soils . These isolates were isolated from the roots of some infected plants and it's pathogenicity was determined according to it's ability to cause pre – and post emergence damping – off of seedlings. The pathogenicity tests showed that the P. afertile isolate recorded the maximum reduction in percentage of pre – emergence damping – off , where it's percent was 39.99% , followed by cress isolate as 32.08 % and hay isolate as 27.08% , whereas the cress isolate gave a significant reduction in percentage of post – emergence damping – off which was 27.35 % , followed by P. afertile and hay isolates which were 21.44 % and 16.35 % respectively .The antagonistic activity between the fungi that isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato and sesame plants and both Pythium's isolates (P. afertile and cress isolates) was studied on P.S.A. culture medium . The results of fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato and sesame plants showed the presence of 13 different types of fungi in addition to Pythium's isolates which are belong to the following genera : Alternaria , Aspergillus , Cladosporium , Penicillium , Phytophthora , Rhizoctonia , Trichoderma , Verticillium and Fusarium . The microbial analysis showed the presence of all isolated fungi that mentioned above except the fungus Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tomato plant and both of the fungi A. wentii and Cladosporium in the rhizosphere of sesame plant. Results of this research demonstrated convergence in the response of antagonistic fungi against both Pythium isolates except the fungus Trichoderma , which was the most influential with inhibition rate reached to 66.37 % because of it's ability to mycoparasite pathogenic fungi . | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Pythium spp | ||
| References | ||
|
1- Ben – Jenana , Raoudha Khanfir., Rabiaa Haouala., Mohamed Ali Triki., Jean–Jaques Godon., Khaled Hibar., Mohamed Ben Khedher.,and Belgacem Henchi. ( 2009 ). Composts، compost extracts and bacterial suppressive action on Pythium aphanidermatum in tomato.Pak. J. Bot. 41 (1) : 315 – 327.
2- Ben – Yaphet , Y., and Eric B. Nelson. ( 1999 ). Differential suppression of damping – off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum، P. irregulare and P. myriotylum in composts at different temperatures. Plant Dis. 83 (4) : 356 – 360.
3- Al – Yahya، F. A., El – Hussieni S. M., Ibrahim A. A., and Ibrahim Y E. ( 2007 ). A new biocontrol fungus Trichoderma kongii in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia isolation and identification. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 14 (2) : 137 – 144.
4- Chen , W., Hoitink F. A. J.,Schmitthenner A. F., and Tuovinen O. H. ( 1988 ). The role of microbial activity in suppression of damping – off caused by Pythium ultimum. Phytopathol. 78 : 314 – 322.
5- Lumsden، R. D., Garica E. R., Lewis J. A., and Frias T. G. A. ( 1987 ). Suppression of damping – off caused by Pythium spp. in soil from the indigenous Mexican chinampa agicultural system. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 19 : 501 – 508.
6- Monte , Enrique. ( 2001 ).Understanding Trichoderma:between biotechnology and microbial ecology. Int.Micobiol. 4 : 1 – 4.
7- Chet , I., Inbar J., and Hadar I. ( 1997 ).Fungal antagonists and mycoparasi- tes. IN : Zafari،Doustmorad.، Mehdi Mehrabi Koushki.، and Eidi Bazgir.(2008).Biocontrol valuation of wheat take– all disease by Trichoderma screened isolates. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7 (20) : 3653 – 3659
8- Harman , Gary E., Charles R. Howell., Ada Viterbo., Ilan Chet.، and Matteo Lorito.( 2004 ).Trichoderma species – opportunistic , avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2 : 43 – 56.
9- Harman , G. E., I. Chet., and R. Baker. ( 1980 ). Trichoderma hamatum effects on seed and seedling disease induced in radish and pea by Pythium spp. or Rhizoctonia solani. J. Phytopathol. 70 : 1167 – 1172.
10- Elad , Y. ( 1994 ). Biological control of grape grey mould by Trichoderma harzianum. Crop Prot. 13 : 35 – 38.
11- Raper , K. B., and Fennell D. I. ( 1965 ). The genus Aspergillus. Williams and Wilkins Company. Baltimor.
12- Watanabe , Tsuneo. ( 2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi : morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 2nd. ed.
13- Barakat , Radwan M., Fadel Al – Mahareeq and Mohammad I. Al – Msri . ( 2006 ). Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii by using indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates from Palestine. Hebron University Research Journal. 2 (2) : 27 – 47.
14- Ingram , D. M., and R. J. Cook.( 1990).Pathogenicity of four Pythium species to wheat , barley , peas and lentils. Plant Pathology. 39 : 110 –117.
15- Murillo, I., L. Cavallarin., and B. San Sagundo. (1999). Cytology of infection maize seedlings by Fusarium moniliforme and immuno- localization of the pathogenesis –related PRms protein. Phytopatho- logy. 89 : 737 – 747.
16- Børja , I., P. Sharma.,T. Krekling., and A. Lonnebörg. (1994). Cytopatho- logical response in roots of Picea abies seedlings infected with Pythium dimorphum. Phytopatholo- ogy. 85 : 495 – 501.
17- Bais , H. P., T. L. Weir., L. G. Perry., S. Gilroy. ,and J.M. Vivanco. (2006). The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plant and other organisms. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 57: 233– 266.
18- Adomas , Aleksandra., Martin Eklund., Martin Johansson and Frederick O. Asiegbu.(2006).Identification and analysis of differentially expressed cDNAs during nonself – competitive interaction between Phlebiopsis gigantea and Heterobasidion parviporum. FEMS Microbial. Ecol. 57 : 26 – 39.
19- Zafari , Doustmorad., Mehdi Mehrabi Koushki., and Eidi Bazgir.(2008).Biocontrol evaluation of wheat take – all disease by Trichoderma screened isolates. African Journal of Biotechnology.7 (20) : 3653-3659.
20- Küçük , Çiğdem., and Merih Kivanç. ( 2004 ). In vitro antifungal activity of strains of Trichoderma harzianum. Turk. J. Biol. 28 : 111 – 115. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 482 PDF Download: 330 |
||