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EFFECT OF LATERAL PROPAGATION OF SELECTED FOLDS ON STREAMS, SULAIMANIAH AREA, NE IRAQ | ||
| Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining | ||
| Article 1, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 95-124 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Manal Sh. Al-Kubaisi; Mawaheb F. Abdul Jabbar | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study is an attempt to conduct morphotectonic analysis for some selected streams in the folded belt, and to deduce their relationship with the geological structures, which control the drainage system. This work was executed using remote sensing and GIS application. The study area lies within Sulaimaniyah Governorate, NE Iraq. Tectonically, the study area is a part of the High Folded Zone, within the Unstable Shelf of the Arabian Plate. Geologically, the study area is highly complicated, where wide range of geological formations is exposed. Hundreds of streams, of different sizes and types, and many rivers dissect the studied area, some of which form gorges along their courses, partly of canyon type. Some of these streams and rivers dissect the anticlines, oriented almost perpendicularly to their trends which oriented NW – SE. The present folds, and even those surrounding the rivers have played big role on the extension of the basins and the sub-basins of the rivers. Locally, they have formed water and wind gaps. This study demonstrates that the anticlines have developed from several embryonic folds, which have merged during lateral propagation and form extended fold trains. The merging points of the individual fold segments have major effect on the pattern of the regional drainage system. Along all investigated anticlines, direct evidence for lateral propagation in form of distinctive drainage patterns and wind gaps are found. Furthermore, various geomorphologic parameters, describing tectonic activity and basin maturity, are analyzed. The interpretation of the calculated geomorphologic ratios indicates a high tectonic activity and a low maturity of the drainage basins. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Lateral propagation; folds; stream; Iraq | ||
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