Dawood, N., Jalil, J., Faraj, S. (2025). Thermal performance enhancement of solar collectors by nanoparticles and magnetic field: a review. , 43(1), 75-93. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.152986.1809
Norhan I. Dawood; Jalal M. Jalil; Sahar R. Faraj. "Thermal performance enhancement of solar collectors by nanoparticles and magnetic field: a review". , 43, 1, 2025, 75-93. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.152986.1809
Dawood, N., Jalil, J., Faraj, S. (2025). 'Thermal performance enhancement of solar collectors by nanoparticles and magnetic field: a review', , 43(1), pp. 75-93. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.152986.1809
Dawood, N., Jalil, J., Faraj, S. Thermal performance enhancement of solar collectors by nanoparticles and magnetic field: a review. , 2025; 43(1): 75-93. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.152986.1809

Thermal performance enhancement of solar collectors by nanoparticles and magnetic field: a review

Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 43, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 75-93    PDF (1.19 M)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.152986.1809
Authors
Norhan I. Dawood* ; Jalal M. Jalil; Sahar R. Faraj
Electromechanical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
Abstract
The implementation of nanoparticles in solar thermal conversion devices has long been a challenge. Consequently, employing ferrofluids combined with magnetic fields has been an intriguing investigation. The magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles, which noticeably enhances the thermal conductivity of ferrofluid, is one of the principal effects of the magnetic field. Given that the compelling behavior of ferrofluid in the presence of external magnetic fields supplied by either permanent magnets or current-carrying wire as the primary source of magnetic field and the significant effect of this combination on the thermal performance of solar devices, the current review focused on introducing research involving various collections of nanoparticles, ranging from solid metal to metal oxide and hybrid nanoparticles, and demonstrating their effect on the thermal conductivity. Based on the literature, results indicated that in particular cases, by applying a magnetic field in the range of 0.02-1T via permanent magnet and in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles Mn-Zn  for 0.5 vol%, the highest improvement in the obtained efficiency of the thermal is about 47%. Contemporary, the best performance of 74% was obtained for 4 vol% of Therminol 66 ferrofluid under a 500 G magnetic field supplied by current carrying wire.

Highlights
  • This review presents the role of magnetic fields and nanoparticles in improving solar system heat transfer performance.
  • Research shows applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids enhances thermal conductivity and performance.
  • Studies reveal nanoparticle size and volume fraction directly influence ferrofluid thermal performance.
  • Hybrid nanofluids like Al₂O₃-Cu, Al₂O₃-TiO₂, and ZrO₂-SiC exhibit superior thermal and exergetic performance.
Keywords
Thermal conductivity enhancement; Energy efficiency; Hybrid nanoparticles; Magnetic field; Permanent magnet
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