Layeeq, T., Sabir, G. (2025). The Effectiveness Of Human Resource Management Practices In Achieving The Objectives Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region/Iraq. , 16(2), 41-50. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16206
Tahir Mohamad Layeeq; Gwlan L. Sabir. "The Effectiveness Of Human Resource Management Practices In Achieving The Objectives Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region/Iraq". , 16, 2, 2025, 41-50. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16206
Layeeq, T., Sabir, G. (2025). 'The Effectiveness Of Human Resource Management Practices In Achieving The Objectives Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region/Iraq', , 16(2), pp. 41-50. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16206
Layeeq, T., Sabir, G. The Effectiveness Of Human Resource Management Practices In Achieving The Objectives Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region/Iraq. , 2025; 16(2): 41-50. doi: 10.58928/ku25.16206

The Effectiveness Of Human Resource Management Practices In Achieving The Objectives Of Agricultural Extension Centers In Sulaymaniyah Governorate In Kurdistan Region/Iraq

Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 16, Issue 2, June 2025, Pages 41-50    PDF (1.03 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku25.16206
Authors
Tahir Mohamad Layeeq* 1; Gwlan L. Sabir2
1Agribusiness & Rural Development Dept., College of Agric. Engg. Sciences, Univ. of Sulaimani
21Dept. of Agribusiness and Rural Development, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, IRAQ.
Abstract
This research, conducted at Bakrajo Technical Institute in a multi-span greenhouse during the 2024-2025 growing season, investigates Influence of Irrigation Water Electrical Conductivity EC on Lettuce Growth and Yield, Treatment 1 (EC = 1.6 dS m-1), Treatment 2 (EC = 4.4 dS m-1), Treatment 3 (EC = 3.98 dS m-1), Treatment 4 (EC = 2.67 dS m-1), Treatment 5 (EC = 2.86 dS m-1), and Treatment 6 (EC = 0.750 dS m-1).  Experiment design plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll Content change to intensity, fruit change to head diameter, fresh weight, root weight, and dry matter yield. The study reveals a clear negative correlation between higher EC levels and plant development, with lower EC values (0.750 dSm-1) promoting optimal growth across nearly all the measured parameters. Plants exposed to the 0.750 dSm-1 EC level exhibited the highest average values for key growth metrics, including plant height (42.0 cm), leaf number (45), and chlorophyll SPAD readings (87.4), indicating superior growth and photosynthesis. As the EC levels increased, plant performance steadily declined. Specifically, EC values above 2.67 dSm-1 significantly reduced growth indicators, including plant height, leaf number, and head size. This decline in performance is attributed to osmotic stress and nutrient uptake limitations caused by high salinity. The study also found that excessive salinity severely affected other growth parameters, leading to marked reductions in fresh weight, root weight, and dry matter, especially at EC levels of 3.98 dSm1and 4.4 dSm-1. Further correlation analysis confirmed strong positive relationships between several growth parameters, such as plant height, number of leaves, and yield. The findings of this study underscore the critical importance of effectively managing irrigation EC levels to maintain plant health and optimize agricultural productivity. It suggests that excessive salinity in irrigation water can hinder plant growth, limit nutrient absorption, and negatively affect overall plant development, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and control of EC in irrigation systems
Keywords
Effectiveness; Human Resource; Agricultural extension workers; Human Resource Management Practices; Agricultural Extension Centers b
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