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Assessment of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Popcorn Genotypes Using GGE Biplot Analysis | ||
| Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Article 7, Volume 24, Issue 2, July 2026, Pages 369-378 PDF (804.73 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2026.191632 | ||
| Authors | ||
| O. H. Al-Rawi1; M. A. Hamed2; A. A. Bedn1 | ||
| 1Department of Biology, Education College for Women, University of Anbar | ||
| 2Department of Science, College of Basic Education- Haditha, University of Anbar | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The study was conducted over three consecutive growing seasons (2022, 2023, and 2024) in Al-Amiriyah District, Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq to evaluate and identify the most adaptable and stable genotype in terms of yield performance among five popcorn genotypes. The tested materials comprised three genotypes developed through reciprocal recurrent selection, one local variety, and one imported variety. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Several agronomic traits were assessed, with particular emphasis on individual plant yield, which is a quantitative trait governed by multiple genes. A combined analysis across the three seasons was performed, followed by the application of the GGE biplot methodology to visualize genotype-by-environment interactions and to identify both the ideal testing environment and the superior genotype. The results revealed significant differences among the studied factors genotypes, environments, and their interactions as well as for the first principal component (PC1), which accounted for approximately 72% of the total variation. The local genotype (Safa) and the imported Argentine genotype were classified as high-yielding and genetically stable. They achieved the highest yields during the 2022 season, which was identified as the most stable and productive, and thus considered an ideal season for cultivating this crop | ||
| Keywords | ||
| (G×; E); Popcorn. GGE biplot; Grain yield; Stability; Adaptability | ||
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