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Production and Evaluation of Triple Hybrid Cucumber for Greenhouse Cultivation | ||
| Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Article 19, Volume 24, Issue 2, July 2026, Pages 518-532 PDF (1.11 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2026.165906.1873 | ||
| Authors | ||
| S. S. Saeed* 1; H. A. Aday2 | ||
| 1University of Anbar, Headquarters | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The experiment was conducted over three seasons (autumn, spring, and autumn) starting September 15, 2023. Seeds from six of the nine cucumber varieties included in the study were sown, with three varieties (genetically distant) being excluded for use in the second season. A half-reciprocal cross was performed between these six varieties, resulting in fifteen single-cross hybrids from these crosses. In the second season (spring) beginning February 15, 2024, the seeds of the three inbred lines were planted with the fifteen individual hybrids. Crosses were done between them (line×tester) with the three inbred lines as fathers and the fifteen single hybrids as mothers to obtain 45 triple hybrids. For the third season (autumn) beginning September 15, 2024, the seeds of the three inbred lines (genetically distant), the fifteen single hybrids, and the 45 triple hybrids were planted, in addition to the comparison hybrid (Super Faris). The number of experimental units totaled 64 in one replicate. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates and was randomly distributed within two unheated plastic houses. Statistical analysis of the studied traits revealed clear genetic variability among the parents, as reflected in their growth and yield performance. Parent 2 was superior in plant height (250.33 cm) and total greenhouse yield (2.59 tons), while parent 1 excelled in the number of female flowers (57.33 flowers/plant). Among the maternal lines, 6×9 was outstanding in most yield traits, recording the highest plant height (285.00 cm), total greenhouse yield (3.63 tons), and experimental unit yield (30.28 kg). Likewise, the 3×5 mother was distinguished by plant height (284.67 cm) and internode length (9.62 cm). These differences were clearly reflected in the performance of the triple hybrids. With the single hybrid (3×5) showing the highest plant height (288.67 cm), surpassing the 280.33 cm for the Super Faris commercial check. In terms of yield traits, the triple hybrids 2(3×8) and 2(5×6) were the most outstanding, achieving the highest total greenhouse yields (4.38 and 4.36 tons, respectively) and experimental unit yields (36.54 and 36.30 kg), with highly positive heterosis values exceeding 60%. Other triple hybrids, such as 1(3×6) and 4(8×9), also showed superiority in fruit weight and fruit length. The results of the general compatibility of the parents showed that parent 2 (code C-H-1074) gave the highest compatibility compared to the others. Meanwhile, the highest general compatibility of the mothers (single hybrids) was for both 3×5 and 3×8, where one or both were repeated in several traits, including plant height (21.741 and 5.741), total number of female flowers (14.067 and 5.733), and total greenhouse yield (0.429 and 0.464). Regarding specific compatibility, the data indicated that the three hybrids 2(5×6) and 3(3×8) outperformed the others in several traits, including plant height (24.504 and 23.170), number of nodes (5.800 and 7.133), number of female flowers per node (53.459 and 40.625), number of fruits (9.778 and 8.000), and total greenhouse yield (1.067 and 0.819). For genetic characteristics, the average degree of dominance exceeded 1 for all the studied traits, while heritability in the broad sense was high for most of them. The non-additive action of the gene was more influential than the host action for most of the experimental traits, indicating that hybridization is the appropriate method for improving trait characteristics, while other traits can be improved by hybridization followed by selection to take advantage of superlocal isolations | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Triple hybrids; Plant breeding; Cucumber; Line ×; tester; Hybrids | ||
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