Programmed educational by Oriented - discovery and thinking, and their effect on knowledge acquisition and learning and retention tennis basic skills

Mohammed Ali, D.Ahmed; Prof. D. Hussein Sadie Ibrahim, Asst.

	Programmed educational by Oriented - discovery and thinking, and their effect on knowledge acquisition and learning and retention tennis basic skills
Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education
Article 4, Volume 34, Issue 1818, 2013, Pages 60-115 PDF (0 K)
Authors
D.Ahmed Mohammed Ali; Asst. Prof. D. Hussein Sadie Ibrahim
Abstract
 The effect of the educational by the means of the directed discovery in obtaining education, and learning and keeping basic skills in tennis game.  The effect of the education package by the means of the divergent thinking in obtaining education, and learning and keeping basic skills in tennis game.  The difference in post- tests between the programmed package by the means of directed discovery and divergent thinking in obtaining education, and learning and keeping essential skills in tennis game.  Revealing the best way to keep the learning among the three groups. The researcher used the experimental method because of its suitability and also because of the nature of the research. The community of the research consisted of the students of the second stage of College of Physical Education in University of Salahaddin for the study year of 2010-2011 who were 124 students (male and female) as a total. The research sample consisted of students of three groups who were selected randomly among the four groups of the second stage, by choosing (17) students from each group .Thus , the research sample consisted of( 51) students . After excluding some members of the sample, homogeneity process took place between three groups from the sample in order to check the following changes : Age ( counted by months ) ,height ( measured by centimeters ) , weight ( by kilograms , to the closer half kg ). Then, parity in some elements of physical and movement fitness and the effective elements in learning tennis basic skills for the research three groups have been adapted .The researcher also used personal interviews , questionnaires , tests, measurements and scientific noting as means and methods to collect information and to reach at the research goals, After the researcher gave the subject instructor explanations about the programmed education package by the means of the directed and the divergent discovery in order to facilitate the education curriculums , the subject instructor implemented the education curriculum of the college .Also , the researcher organized the exercises and repeated them and distributed them by the two means of the divergent and the directed discovery by teaching each group by one means during the teaching period, and the only difference in implementing the educational curriculum was in learning method within the implementation part of the main part of each group Implementation of the educational curriculum took (9) teaching units as two units weekly for each group , and the time for each teaching unit was (90 minutes),The researcher relied on the following statistical means:(percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, T test, and analysis of variances (F), SPSS ) The researcher arrived at the following conclusions: 1-The results showed that the three groups were more superior in the post- tests than the pre-tests in learning tennis basic skills. 2-Using teaching package by the means of (the directed discovery and the divergent thinking) is more effective in learning tennis basic skills than the used teaching method. 3-The results showed that the directed discovery means as a teaching method affects positively in learning basic tennis skills compared to the two means of the divergent thinking and the used teaching method (the traditional method). 4- Using teaching method has an influence on motivating the learner and increasing his motivation to learn, and this has been observed throughout the experiments of the two sample groups and their interaction in using the teaching packages which have been allocated to them in order to learn through them. 5-programmed teaching package by the means of directed discovery proved its precedence in obtaining knowledge about the basic skills of tennis more than the other groups.

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