EXTRACTION AND MODIFICATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL PECTIN AND STUDYING ITS CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ITS

H. J. Al-Mosswi, A.; M. Ali, R.; F. A. Al-Freh, S.

	EXTRACTION AND MODIFICATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL PECTIN AND STUDYING ITS CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ITS
IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE
Article 1, Volume 19, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 0-0
Authors
A. H. J. Al-Mosswi; R. M. Ali; S. F. A. Al-Freh
Abstract
This study concenered of extract pectin from some fruit and vegetable and its waste such as Modification of pomegranates peel pectin highesterification by 3.5 and 4.5 N of hydrochloric acid and used ammonium hydroxide 1,2 N and study the chemical and physical properties of pectin. The results showed that the best modification was in use of hydrochloric acid 4.5N compared to 3.5N through the properties of pectin to peel the pomegranate as shown free from ammonia and the percentage of moisture and ash 2.3 and 0.16%, respectively and total alkaline ash 24.2% and with a equivalent weight 450g/equivalent. Methoxeyl content and the degree of esterification of about 3.5% and 38%respectively, followed by the values of the force reduction 2.80equivalent/g. The content of thegalacturonic acid reached 50.6%, relative viscosity molecular weight 1.1237 and 120315 Dalton, respectively, and the setting time 11 min. While at the modification ammonium hydroxide 1 and 2 N for the pectin peel pomegranate showed better adaptation using a phase standard ammonium hydroxide showed samples containing ammonia and high rates of moisture and ash 2.7 and 1.22%, respectively compared hydrochloric 4.5 N and with an alkaline 24.8 and weight of equivalent low 380g/equivalent, and content methoxeyl and the degree of esterification low 2.0 and either 26% power increase reductive 2.70equivalent/g The proportion of galacturonic acid while 41.4% showed the molecular weight andrelative viscosity100641 Dalton 1.0978. The microscopic examination of pectin showed a convergence of forms between them in terms of the size of pectin particle. Samples diagnosed infrared active groups the sample studied. The effect of addition of calcium ions to form gels was also studied the samples effect with calcium ion hydrochloric acid and pectin 4.5N ammonium hydroxide 2N where the best start for 24.3 mg calcium ions and low time 15min of the contract.

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